The evidence at a glance
Every guide on one page, rated by how much good-quality research supports it for skin. Tap a name to read the full guide.
Stronglots of good-quality human studiesGoodsolid research for its main usesPromisingencouraging but smaller studiesGrowingearly human studies, much still to learnEarlymostly lab research, or a short-term effect
| Guide | Evidence | Best for |
|---|---|---|
| Tretinoin | Strongest (prescription only) | Fine lines, sun damage |
| Retinal and retinol | Strong | Fine lines, texture |
| Azelaic acid | Good | Redness, dark spots, breakouts |
| Ceramides | Good (dry skin) | Dryness, sensitive skin |
| Exfoliators (AHA, BHA) | Good | Dullness, texture, blackheads |
| Hyaluronic acid | Good (hydration) | Hydration |
| Niacinamide | Good | Skin barrier, dark spots |
| Tranexamic acid | Good | Dark spots, melasma |
| Vitamin C | Good | Brightness, dark spots |
| Adenosine | Promising | Fine lines |
| Bakuchiol | Promising | A gentler retinol alternative |
| Centella asiatica | Promising | Calming, sensitive skin |
| Peptides | Promising | Firmer-looking skin |
| Red light LED masks | Promising | Fine lines (modest, slow results) |
| Alpha-arbutin | Growing | Age spots |
| PDRN (“salmon DNA”) | Growing (mostly injections) | Repair, glow |
| Snail mucin | Growing | Hydration, repair |
| Collagen | Mixed | Hydration (creams) |
| NAD+ | Early | Not yet proven on skin |
| NMN | Early | Not yet proven on skin |
| Sheet masks | Short-term boost | Instant hydration |
| Face mists | Comfort, not treatment | A refresh during the day |
Reviewed 4 November 2026. Ratings reflect research on skin, not marketing claims. Strong evidence means an ingredient reliably works for its main use; it doesn’t mean it suits everyone.